![]() Three-dimensional (3D) body scanning is a fast-growing technology that projects laser and other forms of light on the body surface and captures the reflected contour of the body with camera systems. THREE-DIMENSIONAL BODY SCANNING TECHNOLOGY There is no consensus on the best anatomic location to measure waist circumference WHO recommends the midpoint between the last palpable rib and the iliac crest and the National Institutes of Health recommends the level of the umbilicus. Cutoff points of waist circumference vary with sex and ethnic groups. However, there are limitations to this assessment mode. Waist circumference is an index of central obesity recommended by the National Institutes of Health, WHO, the American Heart Association, and the International Diabetes Foundation for screening for risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Waist circumference trended for a higher correlation with MRI measured VAT than BMI ( n = 1192 r = 0.80 vs. In a study of 168 159 participants from countries, waist circumference showed higher odds ratio with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes than BMI in participants from most regions of the world. Anthropometric measures of abdominal obesity include waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio. This review provides an overview of the most popular methods to measure abdominal obesity and describes the advantages and limitations of each method.Īnthropometry has been widely used in large-scale epidemiology studies and clinical settings because of its low cost, favorable safety profile, ease of use, and applicability to all body sizes. Quantitative analysis of abdominal fat distribution, specifically VAT, is integral to understanding obesity-related comorbidities and treatment of obesity. In the Dallas Heart Study of 1200 obese participants undergoing MRI, amount of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was associated with a more severe metabolic, dyslipidemic, and atherogenic obesity phenotype compared to amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue. In the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey study, normal-weight central obesity, as defined by high waist-to-hip ratio, was associated with higher cardiovascular mortality than BMI-defined obesity. Obesity, especially abdominal obesity, is associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease and also an independent risk factor of all-cause mortality. The good news is even a small weight loss (between 5 and 10 percent of your current weight) will help lower your risk of developing those diseases.Obesity has grown into a global health issue. Your doctor will evaluate your BMI, waist measurement, and other risk factors for heart disease. ![]() Talk to your doctor to see whether you are at an increased risk and whether you should lose weight. People who are overweight, do not have a high waist measurement, and have fewer than two risk factors may need to prevent further weight gain rather than lose weight. Even a small weight loss (between 5 and 10 percent of your current weight) will help lower your risk of developing diseases associated with obesity. Family history of premature heart diseaseįor people who are considered obese (BMI greater than or equal to 30) or those who are overweight (BMI of 25 to 29.9) and have two or more risk factors, it is recommended that you lose weight.Low HDL cholesterol ("good" cholesterol).High LDL cholesterol ("bad" cholesterol). ![]()
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